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A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

access privileges: The privilege to access and make changes to folders.
ActiveX Controls: A set of technologies that enables interactive content for the World Wide Web. With ActiveX, Web sites can be enhanced with multimedia effects, interactive objects, and sophisticated application.
address: The unique code by which the Internet identifies you (also referred to as URL). Most URLs contain three parts: the protocol, the host name, and the folder or filename.
Address bar: The Internet Explorer toolbar component, in which you type Web site addresses or URLs.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII): The world-wide standard for the code numbers used by computers to represent all letters, numbers, and punctuation. There are 128 standard ASCII codes each of which can be represented by a 7-digit binary numbers.
Anarchie: An FTP client that searches servers on the Internet for files stores on anonymous FTP sites.
anonymous FTP: A way to use the FTP program to log on to another computer to copy files when you don't have an account on the other computer. When you log on, type anonymous as the user name and your address as the password. This gives you access to publicly-available files.
applet: A small Java^TM program that can be embedded in an HTML page. Applets differ from full-fledged Java applications in that they are not allowed to access certain resources on your local computer, such as files and serial devices, and are restricted to accessing a limited set of other computers networked resources.
Archie: A software tool for finding files located anywhere on the Internet. After Archie locates the file, you can use FTP to get it. Archie is both a program and a system of server computers that contain index of files.
authentication: Verifying the identity of a person or computer process.
Autosearch: An Internet Explorer capability that allows you to type go and a keyword in the Address bar, and Yahoo! (http://www.yahoo.com) will search its databases for matching topics and display them for you.

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B

bandwidth: The transmission capacity of the lines that carry the Internet's electronic traffic. Bandwidth is usually measured in bits-per-second.
baud (older term being replaced by bps - bits per second):: A measure of modem speed equal to one signal per second; 300 baud equals 300 bits per second. But at higher speeds one signal can contain more than one bit, so that a 9600 baud modem ins not 9600bps modem.

BBS(Bulletin Board System)

A computerized meeting and announcement system that allows people to carry on discussions, upload and download files and make announcements without the people being connected to the computer at the same time. There are many thousands (millions?) of BBS's around the world. Most are very small, running on a single desktop computer with one or two phone lines. Some are large commercial services, such as America Online.

BinHex

The standard Macintosh method for converting non-text files or binary files into an ASCII file so that it can pass through e-mail.
Binary: Any file that contains non-textual content, such as a images.
bit: The smallest amount of information that can be transmitted. A combination of bits can indicate an alphabetic character, a numeric digit, or perform signaling, switching or other functions.
bits per second (BPS): The measure of a modems speed. A 28.8 modem can move 28,800 bits per second.
browser: Software that gives you a graphical interactive interface for searching, finding, viewing and managing information over a network. Internet Explorer is an example of a browser.
bulletin board system (BBS): An electronic bulletin board where people can carry on discussions, upload and download files, and make announcements without all being connected to the computer at the same time. Many BBSs are on a membership basis.
byte: A set of bits that represent a single character. Usually, there are 8 bits in a byte, sometimes more depending on how the measurement is being made.

C

cache: The disk cache is the space on your hard disk where pages are stored as you view them. When you click a link, if you have viewed the page previously, the page is opened from the Cache folder, if not, or if the page has been updated on the Web, it is downloaded from the Internet (or local hard disk) to your Cache folder.
certificate: A document issued by a certifying agency that attests that the owner of the key to a Web page has provided authentic identification.
Common Gateway Interface (CGI): A set of rules that describe how a Web server communicates with another piece of software (the "CGI program"). Any piece of software can be a CGI program if it handles input and output according to the CGI standard.
channel: A "channel" is a Web site designed to deliver content from the Internet to you computer, similar to subscribing to a favorite Web site. You don't have to subscribe to view the content, but with channels the content provider can suggest a schedule for your subscription, or you can customize your own.
chat: "Chat" is a term used to describe real-time conferencing-- - IRC, "WebChat", prodigy and AOL chat rooms are all examples of "chat".
client/server: Computer technology that separates computers and their users into two categories: clients and servers. When you want information from a computer on the Internet, you are a client. The computer that delivers the information is the server. A server stores information and makes it available to any authorized client who requests the information.
.com: When these letters appear at the end of an address, they indicate that the host computer is run by a company rather than a university or government agency. It also means that the host computer is most likely located in the United States.
ColorSync™: A method of managing color consistency between devices such as a computer monitor or printer.
communication link: A system of hardware and software connecting two users.
compression: A method of encoding signals that allows transmission (or storage) of more information than the media would otherwise be able to support.
cookies: A piece of information sent by a Web server to your computer. The next time you connect to that Web site, the server reads the cookie from your computer identifying you and often basing the page it displays on the information (for example, account number or previous transactions) contained in the cookie.
context menu: The menu that appears when you press and hold down the mouse button. The context menu provides you with additional commands. The commands available will reflect the position of the mouse at the time.

Cyberpunk

Cyberpunk was originally a cultural sub-genre of science fiction taking place in a not-so-distant, dystopian, over-industrialized society. The term grew out of the work of William Gibson and Bruce Sterling and has evolved into a cultural label encompassing many different kinds of human, machine, and punk attitudes. It includes clothing and lifestyle choices as well. (See also: Cyberspace)

Cyberspace

Term originated by author William Gibson in his novel "Neuromancer," the word is used now to describe the whole range of information resources and communication available through computer networks.

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D

decompression: A method of decoding signals that allows transmission (or storage) of more information than the media would otherwise be able to support.
dedicated line: A private line leased from a telecommunications carrier. For example, you might want two telephone lines, one for the fax or Internet, and on e strictly for your phone.
domain name: The unique name that identifies an Internet site. A given computer may have more than one domain name but a given domain name points to only one computer.
download: To transfer programs or data from a computer to a connected device, usually from a server to a personal computer.
Download Manager: The Internet Explorer component that manages the download of files from the Internet.

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E

.edu: When these letters appear in the last part of an Internet address, they indicate that the host computer is run by an educational institution. It also means that the host computer is most likely located in the United States.
e-mail (Electronic mail): Messages, usually text, sent from one person to another via computer. E-mail can also be sent automatically to a large number of addresses by use of a "mailing list."

Emoticons

Those little smiley faces and the like -- : ) -- that you sometimes see on the Internet, especially in e-mail. Some users feel they humanize the medium. Some users think they explain surprise or sorrow.

Ethernet

A very common method of networking computers in a local area network (LAN). Ethernet will handle about 10 million bits per second and can be used with almost any kind of computer. (See also: Bandwidth, LAN)

Explorer bar: An Internet Explorer feature that makes it much easier to find what you're looking for on the Internet and then return to it whenever you want. The Explorer bar consists of four tabs: Search tab, Favorites tab, Channel tab, and the History tab. You click in the left pane and the results are displayed in the right pane. For example, the Search Bar lets you keep your list of search results in view while you check out the Web pages that the list referred you to. Now you no longer have to keep clicking the Back button to return to the search list. Use the View menu to turn Explorer bars on and off.

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F

Frequently Asked Question (FAQ): FAQs are documents that list and answer the most common questions on a particular subject.
favorites list: A customized collection of frequently used sites. When the Explorer bar is turned on, you can view your favorites list by clicking the Favorites tab.
file helpers: A utility or application that processes the files that Internet Explorer can't process itself. For example, you can set up a relationship between the file type .xlc and the application Excel so that when you click a file that has the .xlc extension, Microsoft Excel automatically starts and displays the file. You must have the application installed on your computer before you can create a relationship between it and a file type.
file name extension: A three-letter (in most cases) code at the end of a filename that indicates what type of file it is.
file server: A computer on which files are stored so that anyone on the Internet can retrieve them.
finger: Protocol that allows you to find information about the users on your host network. Some networks do not allow fingering from an external system, and some do not allow fingering at all.
firewall: A security system that restricts traffic between a secure network and the outside world. The secure host computer is an only computer in the organization actually connected to the Internet. Everyone in the organization must go through the host computer to connect to the Internet, and vice versa.

Flame

Originally, flame meant to argue in a passionate manner, in the spirit of honorable debate. "Flames" most often involved the use of flowery language and "flaming" well was an art form. More recently flame has come to refer to any kind of derogatory comment, no matter how witless or crude. (See also: Flame war, maillist, Usenet)

Flame war

When an online discussion--generally on Usenet or a maillist--degenerates into a series of personal attacks among the participants, rather than a reasoned discussion of their positions. A heated exchange. (See also: Flame, )

frame: A division of a Web page window that has its own URL and can be linked to interact with other frames within the same browser window. For example, this Help system uses frames. The list of topics to the left is in one frame and the topics with procedures and information are in another.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP): A protocol used to provide file transfers across a wide variety of systems.

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G

gateway: A computer that connects one network with another when they each use different protocols. The UUNET computer connects the UUCP network with the Internet, providing a way for mail messages to move between the two networks.
Graphic Interchange Format (GIF): GIF is a standard format for image files on the Web. The GIF file format is popular because it uses a compression method to make files smaller.
Gopher: A system that lets you find information by using menus. To use Gopher, you usually use Telnet to access a Gopher server and begin browsing the menus.
GUI: Graphical User Interface.

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H

history list: The collection of sites that you have previously visited. You can view your history list by choosing Open History from the Go menu. You can use Preferences settings to change the number of sites that are saved.
home page: The page that opens when you start Internet Explorer. The default home page is http://www.home.microsoft.com, but you can use the Preferences dialog box to change your home page.
host: A computer on the Internet that you may be able to log on to. You can use FTP to get files from a host computer, and use other programs (such as Telnet) to make use of the host computer. Also - any computer on a network that is a repository for services available to other computers on the network. It is quite common to have one host machine provide several services, such as World Wide Web and Usenet.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): Hypertext Markup Language is used for writing documents for the World Wide Web. HTML allows text to include codes that define fonts, layout, embedded graphics, and hyperlinks.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): The protocol used by Web servers to communicate with Web clients.
hyperlink: Connection between one piece of information and another. Hyperlinks to other pages might be graphical images with colored borders or colored text (usually underlined).
hypermedia: A method of presenting information in discrete units, or nodes, that are connected by hyperlinks. The information may be presented using a variety of media such as text, graphics, audio, video, animation, image, or executable documentation.
hypertext: Describes a type of interactive online navigation. Hyperlinks embedded in words or phrases enable you to select (for example, by clicking) text and immediately display related information and multimedia material.

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I

information superhighway: Refers to the plan to deregulate communication services allowing for the integration of all aspects of the Internet, CATV, telephone, business, entertainment, information providers, education, and so on.
Internet: The Internet is a constantly evolving group of international computer networks connected by telephone lines. When you connect to the Internet you gain access to a wealth of information from the Web and newsgroups.
Internet protocol (IP): The transport layer protocol used as a basis of the Internet. IP enables information to be routed from one network to another in packets and then be reassembled when they reach their destination.
Internet protocol (IP) number: A four-part number separated by periods (such as 123.456.789.0) which uniquely identifies a computer on the Internet. If a computer does not have an IP number, it is not really on the Internet. Most computers also have one or more domain names that are easier for people to remember.
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN): A set of standards for high-speed transmission of simultaneous voice, data and video information over fewer channels than would otherwise be needed, through the use of phone lines. ISDN can provide speeds of 64,000 bits-per-second over a regular phone line at almost the same cost as a normal phone call.
Internet service provider (ISP): An Internet service provider maintains a server that is directly connected to the Internet. You must connect through an ISP unless you are directly connected to the Internet. Connecting to an ISP entails calling the provider and setting up a PPP account. Also a company or organization that provides access to the Internet, usually for a monthly fee. Customers gain access to the Net through a local POP provided by the ISP. These firms come in all sizes, from small Mom-and-Pop operations to huge national companies serving many cities.

Intranet

A private network inside a company or organization that uses the same kinds of software that you would find on the public Internet. As the Internet has become more popular, many of the tools used on the Internet are being used in private networks. For example, many companies have web servers that are available only to employees. Note that an "Intranet" may not actually be an internet -- it may simply be a network. (See also: internet, Internet, Network)

IP Number

Sometimes called a "dotted quad." A unique number consisting of four parts separated by dots. (An example: 165.113.245.2 ) Every machine that is on the Internet has a unique IP number - if a machine does not have an IP number, it is not really on the Internet. Most machines also have one or more domain names that are easier for people to remember. (See also: Domain Name, Internet)

IRC

(Internet Relay Chat) -- Basically a huge multi-user live chat facility. There are a number of major IRC servers around the world which are linked to each other. Anyone can create a "channel" and anything that anyone types in a given channel is seen by all others in the channel. Private channels can (and are) created for multi-person "conference calls." A user needs IRC client software to participate.

ISDN

(Integrated Services Digital Network) -- Basically a way to move more data over existing regular phone lines. ISDN is rapidly becoming available to much of the USA and in most markets it is priced very comparably to standard analog phone
ISDN continued...
circuits. It can provide speeds of roughly 128,000 bits per second over regular phone lines. In practice, most people will be limited to 56,000 or 64,000 bits per second. A particular circuit card is needed to connect a computer to ISDN.

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J

Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG): JPEG is a popular method used to compress photographic images. Many Web browsers accept JPEG images as a standard file format for viewing.
Java^TM: Computer language developed by Sun Microsystems that allows the creation of applets that run in response to mouse clicks and produce sounds, video, or other effects within the Web browser.
JavaScript, JScript: Unlike Java^TM, which is based on separate software components, JavaScript or JScript is a scripting language whose programs are embedded right in the HTML.
Jughead: A program that helps you find specified information in Gopher directories. Similar to Veronica, but more focused.

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K

keyword: Word (s) used in a search query. For example, if you wanted to find a Web page on India, you might type India as the keyword.

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L

Local Area Network (LAN): A group of connected computers, usually located in close proximity (such as the same building or floor of the building) so data can be passed between them.
Link: See hyperlink.
login or logon: The method by which you identify your self to a host computer. This often means typing a user name and password.

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M

MacBinary: A standard for storing resources in a Macintosh's data fork. Also the name of an application that decodes and encodes MacBinary files.
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME): An Internet standard for transferring various file formats.
Mirror: An FTP server that provides copies of the same files as another server. Some FTP servers are so popular that other servers have been set up to mirror them and spread the FTP load to more than one site.
modem: A device that you connect to your computer and to a phone line to allow the computer to talk to other computers through the phone system. Modems convert the computer's digital signals into analog waves that can be transmitted over standard voice telephone lines. Modem speeds are measured in bits per second (bps) - also sometimes expressed as kilobits (thousands of bits) per second. For example, 28.8Kbps and 28,800bps are the same thing: 28,800 bits per second.
Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG): MPEG is a standard way to compress full-motion video.

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N

network: Any time you connect two or more computers together so that they can share resources you have a computer network. Connect two or more networks together and you have an internet.
Network News Transfer protocol (NNTP): A protocol defined for distribution, inquiry, retrieval and posting of newsgroup articles.

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O

offline: Actions performed when you aren't connected to another computer.
offline browsing: An Internet Explorer feature that lets you browse the Web without being connected to the Internet. Offline browsing is turned off by default. You can turn it on by choosing it from the File menu. When you enable offline browsing, you can view the sites stored in your cache, without connecting to the Internet. In addition, with subscribed favorites you can specify how much information is downloaded.
Open Transport: Apple Open Transport is the modern networking and communications subsystem for the Macintosh operating system. Power Macintosh users will see an improvement in networking performance. When installed, Open Transport replaces the current Macintosh operating system implementations of AppleTalk and TCP/IP (including protocols and the Network, MacTCP, and Admin TCP control panels).
online: Actions performed when you are connected to another computer.

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P

page: A document, or collection of information, available by way of the World Wide Web. A page may contain text, graphics files, video, and/or sound files.
ping: A network management tool that checks to see whether you can communicate with another computer on the Internet or a network. It sends a short message to which the other computer automatically responds. If the other computer does not respond to the ping, you usually cannot establish communications.
plug-in: An application that allows you to view items such as movie clips that your Web browser can't display itself.
Point of Presence (POP): A physical site in a geography where a network Access Provider, such as UUNet, has equipment that users connect to. The local phone company's central office in a particular area is also sometimes referred to as their POP in that area. (As an example, AT&T's POP for the Seattle area is in downtown Seattle.)
Point to Point Protocol (PPP): Point to Point Protocol. One of the protocols that allows computers to connect to the Internet using a telephone line and a modem.
protocol: The rules for information transferred over the Internet so that your computer will know what to do when it receives the information. For example, all Web pages use the HTTP protocol. When your computer downloads a file from the Internet that uses the HTTP protocol, it knows to use a Web browser to display the file. Other protocols include SMTP, FTP, and NNTP.
protocol helpers: A utility or application that processes protocols, such as mailto (the protocol for electronic mail, or e-mail), that Internet Explorer can't process itself. For example, you could set up a relationship between the protocol mailto and Outlook Express so that when you view a Web page with a mail link in it, such as mailto:someone@microsoft.com, clicking this link starts Outlook Express.
proxy: An application that is allowed to pass information through a firewall..

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Q

QuickTime: A method developed by Apple Computer for storing movie and audio files in digital format.
QuickTime VR: A method developed by Apple Computer that allows visual representation of scenes and allows you to pan around a full 360 degrees.

R

refresh: To reload the current page or frame.

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S

scripting: Unlike Java^TM, which is based on separate software components, scripting languages such as JavaScript or JScript are embedded right in the HTML.
search engine: A program used by a search service. When you send a request such as a keywordto a search engine, your request is checked against the index that the engine has already compiled.
search page: The page that is downloaded when you choose Search The Internet from the Go menu, or click the Search button on the button bar. You use your search page to search for specific items on the Web. You can use your Preferences settings to change your search service provider. A search provider is an organization such as Yahoo! that provides search services for the Web.
security: Control mechanisms that prevent unauthorized use of resources.
server: A computer that provides a service to other computers on a network, for example, to gain access to files or Web pages. An Archie server, for example, lets people on the Internet use Archie. See also client.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): A protocol used to transfer e-mail between computers.
site: Address location of a server on the Internet. A Web site consists of any number of Web pages.
Serial Line Interface Protocol (SLIP): A protocol for connecting a computer to the Internet.
socket: When your computer is on the Internet via a SLIP connection, a socket is a conversation your computer is having with a computer elsewhere on the Internet. You might have one socket for an FTP session, another socket for a Telnet session, and another socket taking care of getting your mail.
style sheets: Style sheets give Web authors the ability to attach styles to HTML elements. Style sheets can control margins, line spacing, the placement of text and graphics, colors, font faces, and font sizes. You use the STYLE element to include style information as part of an HTML document add apply the style to some or all of the text or you can create a separate document and attach it to one or more pages on your Web site.
subscription: A method of marking a favorite page so that Internet Explorer will automatically monitor the site for new content, and download the updated page. You can specify the information that is downloaded when you browse offline.

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T

T-1

A leased-line connection capable of carrying data at 1,544,000 bits per second. At maximum theoretical capacity, a T-1 line could move a megabyte in less than 10 seconds. That is still not fast enough for full-screen, full-motion video, for which you need at least 10 million bits per second. T-1 is the fastest speed commonly used to connect networks to the Internet. (See also: 56k Line, Bandwidth, Bit, Byte, Ethernet, T-3)

T-3

A leased-line connection capable of carrying data at 44,736,000 bits per second. This is more than enough to do full-screen, full-motion video. (See also: 56k Line, Bandwidth, Bit, Byte, Ethernet, T-1)

Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): The system that networks use to communicate with each other on the Internet.
Telnet: The command and program used to login from one Internet site to another. The Telnet command/program gets you to the "login" prompt of another host.

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U

Uniform Resource Locator (URL): The standard way to give the address of any resource on the Internet that is part of the World Wide Web (WWW). A URL looks like this: http://example.microsoft.com. The most common way to use a URL is to type it into a Web browser program, such as Internet Explorer.

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V

Veronica (Very Easy Rodent Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives): A program that uses word searches to locate articles in Gopherspace. Veronica is a constantly updated database of names of almost every menu item on thousands of gopher servers.
viewer: A program used by Gopher, WAIS or WWW client programs to show files with contents other than text. You would use a viewer to display graphics files, play sound files or display video files. Not the same as a browser.
Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML): A tag language in which Web pages are formatted that can support 3-D graphics and interactive spatial navigation.

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W - Z

.wav: The file name extension used on some types of audio files.
Webgoddess: System operator for a Web-site server.
Webmaster: System operator for a Web-site server.

Web page

A text document which is encoded in HTML, displayed by a browser application, and accessible from remote sites via the WWW.

Web site

A collection of files that are linked to a central Web page, made available via the World Wide Web.

World Wide Web (WWW): The system of moving through the Internet using hyperlinks. Documents are formatted using the hypertext markup language (HTML). These documents are on Web servers that use the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to deliver the Web pages.

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